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- <text id=91TT2028>
- <title>
- Sep. 16, 1991: Sri Lanka's Tamil Tigers
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Sep. 16, 1991 Can This Man Save Our Schools?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 41
- SRI LANKA
- Sri Lanka's Tamil Tigers
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By Edward W. Desmond/New Delhi--Reported by Anita Pratap/Jaffna
- </p>
- <p> The bad blood goes back at least a thousand years to a
- time when a powerful Tamil dynasty in India invaded the island
- of Sri Lanka and pushed the Sinhalese natives deep into the
- south. The conflict between Tamils and Sinhalese has ebbed and
- flowed ever since, but today it rages more violently than ever--only with artillery and automatic rifles rather than swords
- and spears. The stakes would have been familiar to Sri Lankans
- at any point in the past 10 centuries: the minority Tamil
- population wants independence from the Sinhalese-dominated
- government in Colombo. They speak a different language, and they
- look to different gods: the Tamils to the Hindu pantheon and the
- Sinhalese to Buddha. At this stage, they fight not so much
- because of those differences as because blood begets blood, and
- talk of peace treads dangerously close to a betrayal of the
- cause that calls for total victory.
- </p>
- <p> In July the eight-year-old war, which has mainly been a
- guerrilla conflict, suddenly turned into an even more bloody
- set-piece struggle. Tamil fighters, known as Tigers, dropped
- their usual tactics of ambush and evasion to launch a
- 3,000-strong force against a government base controlling
- Elephant Pass, a narrow, one-mile causeway, surrounded by marsh,
- beaches and sand dunes, that connects the mainland with the
- Tigers' heartland, the Jaffna Peninsula.
- </p>
- <p> The assault was on the verge of succeeding, when the
- government surprised the Tigers with an amphibious landing of
- 8,000 troops on a beach six miles away. The soldiers fought
- their way to relieve the garrison, and after 24 days, there was
- little doubt about the issue. The government forces suffered 200
- dead and still held the base, while the Tigers had lost an
- unprecedented 564 according to their own reports and three times
- that according to government sources. The army immediately
- declared it had the Tigers on the run and launched an ambitious
- offensive dubbed Lightning Strike, aimed at Base One-Four, a
- major Tiger camp deep in the jungles of northern Sri Lanka. Says
- Major General Denzil Kobbekaduwa: "Nothing is going to stop us
- now. Our mission is to seek them out and kill as many as
- possible."
- </p>
- <p> In eight years of conflict between the Tamils and the
- government, 18,000 people have died. But that is only the
- beginning of the carnage. Much of Sri Lanka's north and east
- have been devastated economically, and the murderous campaigns
- of both sides have shattered any hope of trust between Tamils
- and Sinhalese perhaps for generations. Both sides butcher their
- enemies, and an Amnesty International report claims that the Sri
- Lankan army killed thousands of civilians in Tamil areas last
- year. In less than a decade, the island has become heavily
- militarized. In the early 1980s, it had a small army of 16,000
- and a defense budget of $30 million (2.5% of government
- spending). Today it has an army of 70,000 and a budget of $308
- million (12% of spending).
- </p>
- <p> The war has also claimed casualties outside the theater of
- Sinhalese-Tamil bloodletting. The Tigers were supported by the
- government of India in the early 1980s, until Prime Minister
- Rajiv Gandhi changed the policy and attempted to make peace. A
- 70,000-man Indian peacekeeping force went to the Tamil areas in
- 1987 at Colombo's invitation, only to wind up warring with the
- Tigers. The confrontation ended in a humiliating withdrawal of
- the Indians last year after more than 1,000 of their soldiers
- died. The headstrong Tiger leader, Vilupillai Prabhakaran, never
- forgives his enemies, and in May he got even with the former
- Indian Prime Minister when one of his operatives assassinated
- Rajiv Gandhi in a suicide bombing.
- </p>
- <p> Sometimes violence burns itself out when the sheer
- exhaustion of killing makes room for thoughts of peace. Even the
- Islamic zeal of the Iranian revolutionaries faltered after eight
- years of holy war with Iraq. But the Sri Lankan civil war shows
- no sign of flagging. The Tiger cult around Prabhakaran is as
- strong as ever, and young Tamil recruits still flock to his
- banner, eager to embrace the austere, fanatical mind-set of a
- Tiger.
- </p>
- <p> The young recruits say good-bye to their families and
- embrace their AK-47 rifle as their most precious belonging,
- strictly following a rule that it should never touch the ground.
- They sit through long hours of indoctrination that covers
- everything from grisly photographs of Tamils tortured and
- butchered by the Sri Lankan army to glories of the Tamil kings
- of the Chola dynasty, which in the 11th century conquered Sri
- Lanka. There is no more frightening measure of the Tigers'
- commitment than the fact that to avoid capture at least 600
- Tigers have ended their own lives by biting into the cyanide
- vial they all carry on a string around their neck. But their
- first job is to kill the enemy. Says Kanthi, a young girl
- recruit with the Tigers: "I don't mind dying so long as I can
- kill a few Sri Lankan soldiers first."
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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